GitHub Actions 的倉庫中自動化、自定義和執(zhí)行軟件開發(fā)工作流程，有四個(gè)基本的概念，如下：

• 采用 YAML 格式定義配置文件
• 存放在代碼倉庫的 .github/workflows 目錄中
• 后綴名統(tǒng)一為 .yml，比如 ci.yml
• 一個(gè)庫可以有多個(gè) workflow 文件
• 根據(jù)配置事件自動運(yùn)行配置文件

name: GitHub Actions Demo
on:
  push:
    branches:
      - main

# 任務(wù)
jobs:
  build:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    # 步驟 根據(jù)步驟執(zhí)行任務(wù)
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
      - uses: actions/setup-node@v3
        with:
          node-version: 16

      - run: npm install
      - run: npm run build

存放到 .github/workflows 目錄中，命名為 ci.yml，當(dāng) push 代碼到倉庫 main 分支中，該配置自動運(yùn)行配置。

jobs:
  my_first_job:  # 第一個(gè)任務(wù)
    name: My first job

  my_second_job: # 第二個(gè)任務(wù)
    name: My second job

通過 jobs (jobs.<job_id>.name)字段，配置一項(xiàng)或多項(xiàng)需要執(zhí)行的任務(wù)

通過 needs (jobs.<job_id>.needs)字段，指定當(dāng)前任務(wù)的依賴關(guān)系

jobs:
  job1:
  job2:
    needs: job1
  job3:
    needs: [job1, job2]

上面配置中，job1 必須先于 job2 完成，而 job3 等待 job1 和 job2 的完成才能運(yùn)行。因此，這個(gè) workflow 的運(yùn)行順序依次為：job1、job2、job3

runs-on: ubuntu-latest

指定運(yùn)行所需要的虛擬機(jī)環(huán)境，?? 它是必填字段

jobs:
  build: # 任務(wù)名稱
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest # 虛擬機(jī)環(huán)境配置

• Windows Server 2022 (windows-latest) 或 (windows-2022)
• Ubuntu 20.04 (ubuntu-latest) 或 (ubuntu-20.04)
• macOS Monterey 12 (macos-12)
• macOS Big Sur 11 (macos-latest),(macos-11)

另見: 選擇 GitHub 托管的運(yùn)行器

每個(gè)步驟都可以指定以下三個(gè)字段

jobs.<job_id>.steps.name # 步驟名稱
# 該步驟運(yùn)行的命令或者 action
jobs.<job_id>.steps.run
# 該步驟所需的環(huán)境變量
jobs.<job_id>.steps.env

steps 字段指定每個(gè) Job 的運(yùn)行步驟，可以包含一個(gè)或多個(gè)步驟(steps)

jobs:
  build:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
      - uses: actions/setup-node@v3
        with:
          node-version: 16

      - run: npm install
      - run: npm run build

另見: 默認(rèn)環(huán)境變量

startsWith('Hello world', 'He') // 返回 true

另見: 函數(shù) startsWith，此函數(shù)不區(qū)分大小寫

format('{{Hello {0} {1} {2}!}}', 'Mona', 'the', 'Octocat')
// 返回 '{Hello Mona the Octocat!}'.

另見: 函數(shù) format

join(github.event.issue.labels.*.name, ', ')
// 也許返回 'bug, help wanted'.

另見: 函數(shù) join

toJSON(job)
// 也許返回 { "status": "Success" }.

另見: 函數(shù) toJSON

steps:
  ...
  - name: 作業(yè)已成功
    if: ${{ success() }}

steps:
  ...
  - name: 作業(yè)失敗
    if: ${{ failure() }}

- name: Deploy
  uses: peaceiris/actions-gh-pages@v3
  with:
    github_token: ${{secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN}}
    publish_dir: ./build

- name: Modify Version
  shell: bash
  run: |
    node -e 'var pkg = require("./package.json"); pkg.version= (new Date().getFullYear().toString().substr(2)) + "." + (new Date().getMonth() + 1) + "." + (new Date().getDate()); require("fs").writeFileSync("./package.json", JSON.stringify(pkg, null, 2))'

使用 github-action-package 修改 name 字段

- name: package.json info
  uses: jaywcjlove/github-action-package@main
  with:
    rename: '@wcj/github-package-test'

- name: Checkout
  uses: actions/checkout@v3
  with:
    path: main
    submodules: true

submodules：true 檢出子模塊或 recursive 遞歸檢出子模塊

- name: Clone sub repository
  shell: bash
  run: |
    auth_header="$(git config --local --get http.https://github.com/.extraheader)"
    # git submodule sync --recursive
    # git -c "http.extraheader=$auth_header" -c protocol.version=2 submodule update --init --remote --force --recursive --checkout ant.design

- run: npm publish --access public
  env:
    NODE_AUTH_TOKEN: ${{secrets.NPM_TOKEN}}

獲取 NPM_TOKEN，可以通過 npm 賬號創(chuàng)建 token

npm token list [--json|--parseable] # 查看
npm token create [--read-only] [--cidr=1.1.1.1/24,2.2.2.2/16] # 創(chuàng)建
npm token revoke <id|token> # 撤銷

可以使用 JS-DevTools/npm-publish 提交

- name:  ?? @province-city-china/data
  uses: JS-DevTools/npm-publish@v1
  with:
    token: ${{ secrets.NPM_TOKEN }}
    package: packages/data/package.json

它有個(gè)好處，檢測 package.json 中版本號是否發(fā)生變更，來決定是否提交版本，不會引發(fā)流程錯(cuò)誤。

Artifacts 是 GitHub Actions 為您提供持久文件并在運(yùn)行完成后使用它們或在作業(yè)（文檔）之間共享的一種方式。

要創(chuàng)建工件并使用它，您將需要不同的操作：上傳和下載。 要上傳文件或目錄，您只需像這樣使用它：

steps:
  - uses: actions/checkout@v2
  - run: mkdir -p path/to/artifact
  - run: echo hello > path/to/artifact/a.txt
  - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v2
    with:
      name: my-artifact
      path: path/to/artifact/a.txt

然后下載 artifact 以使用它：

steps:
  - uses: actions/checkout@v2
  - uses: actions/download-artifact@v2
    with:
      name: my-artifact

- name: Setup Node
  uses: actions/setup-node@v2
  with:
    node-version: 14

使用矩陣策略 在 nodejs 不同版本中運(yùn)行

strategy:
  matrix:
    node-version: [10.x, 12.x, 14.x]

steps:
  - uses: actions/checkout@v2
  - name: 使用 Node ${{ matrix.node-version }}
    uses: actions/setup-node@v1
    with:
      node-version: ${{ matrix.node-version }}
  - run: npm ci
  - run: npm run build --if-present
  - run: npm test

- name: Create Tag
  id: create_tag
  uses: jaywcjlove/create-tag-action@main
  with:
    package-path: ./package.json

根據(jù) package-path 指定的 package.json 檢測 version 是否發(fā)生變化來創(chuàng)建 tag

- name: Generate Changelog
  id: changelog
  uses: jaywcjlove/changelog-generator@main
  with:
    filter-author: (小弟調(diào)調(diào)?)

- name: Get the changelog
  run: echo "${{ steps.changelog.outputs.changelog }}"

創(chuàng)建一個(gè)文件，然后將其作為構(gòu)件上傳

jobs:
  example-job:
    name: Save output
    steps:
      - shell: bash
        run: |
          expr 1 + 1 > output.log
      - name: Upload output file
        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v3
        with:
          name: output-log-file
          path: output.log

可以下載名為 output-log-file 的工件

jobs:
  example-job:
    steps:
      - name: Download a single artifact
        uses: actions/download-artifact@v3
        with:
          name: output-log-file

使用 bash 運(yùn)行腳本

steps:
  - name: Display the path
    run: echo $PATH
    shell: bash

運(yùn)行 python 腳本

steps:
  - name: Display the path
    run: |
      import os
      print(os.environ['PATH'])
    shell: python

您可以使用 shell 關(guān)鍵字覆蓋運(yùn)行器操作系統(tǒng)中的默認(rèn) shell 設(shè)置

- uses: actions/checkout@v3
- uses: actions/setup-node@v3
  with:
    node-version: 16

- name: Generate Contributors Images
  uses: jaywcjlove/github-action-contributors@main
  id: contributors
  with:
    output: dist/CONTRIBUTORS.svg
    avatarSize: 42

- run: npm publish
  continue-on-error: true
  env:
    NODE_AUTH_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.NPM_TOKEN }}

當(dāng) npm 推送包失敗不影響整個(gè)流程，可用于自動發(fā)包

GitLab CI/CD

job1:
  variables:
    GIT_CHECKOUT: "true"
  script:
    - echo "Run your script here"

GitHub Actions

jobs:
  job1:
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
      - run: echo "Run your script here"

GitLab CI/CD

my_job:
  image: node:10.16-jessie

GitHub Actions

jobs:
  my_job:
    container: node:10.16-jessie

GitLab CI/CD

deploy_prod:
  stage: deploy
  script:
    - echo "部署到生產(chǎn)服務(wù)器"
  rules:
    - if: '$CI_COMMIT_BRANCH == "master"'

GitHub Actions

jobs:
  deploy_prod:
    if: contains( github.ref, 'master')
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      - run: echo "部署到生產(chǎn)服務(wù)器"

GitLab CI/CD

script:
artifacts:
  paths:
    - math-homework.txt

GitHub Actions

- name: Upload math result for job 1
  uses: actions/upload-artifact@v3
  with:
    name: homework
    path: math-homework.txt

GitLab CI/CD

stages:
  - build
  - test
  - deploy

build_a: stage: build script:
    - echo "該作業(yè)將首先運(yùn)行"

build_b: stage: build script:
    - echo "該作業(yè)將首先運(yùn)行，與 build_a 并行"

test_ab: stage: test script:
    - echo "此作業(yè)將在 build_a 和 build_b 完成后運(yùn)行"

deploy_ab: stage: deploy script:
    - echo "此作業(yè)將在 test_ab 完成后運(yùn)行"

GitHub Actions

jobs:
  build_a:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      - run: echo "該作業(yè)將首先運(yùn)行"

  build_b:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      - run: echo "該作業(yè)將首先運(yùn)行，與 build_a 并行"

  test_ab:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    needs: [build_a,build_b]
    steps:
      - run: echo "此作業(yè)將在 build_a 和 build_b 完成后運(yùn)行"

  deploy_ab:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    needs: [test_ab]
    steps:
      - run: echo "此作業(yè)將在 test_ab 完成后運(yùn)行"

GitLab CI/CD

image: node:latest

cache: key: $CI_COMMIT_REF_SLUG paths:
    - .npm/

before_script:
  - npm ci --cache .npm --prefer-offline

test_async: script:
    - node ./specs/start.js ./specs/async.spec.js

GitHub Actions

jobs:
  test_async:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
    - name: Cache node modules
      uses: actions/cache@v3
      with:
        path: ~/.npm
        key: v1-npm-deps-${{ hashFiles('**/package-lock.json') }}
        restore-keys: v1-npm-deps-

GitLab CI/CD

container-job:
  variables:
    POSTGRES_PASSWORD: postgres
    # PostgreSQL 服務(wù)容器通信的主機(jī)名
    POSTGRES_HOST: postgres
    # 默認(rèn)的 PostgreSQL 端口
    POSTGRES_PORT: 5432
  image: node:10.18-jessie
  services:
    - postgres
  script:
    # 執(zhí)行 package.json 文件中
    # 所有依賴項(xiàng)的全新安裝
    - npm ci
    # 運(yùn)行創(chuàng)建 PostgreSQL 客戶端的腳本，
    # 用數(shù)據(jù)填充客戶端，并檢索數(shù)據(jù)
    - node client.js
  tags:
    - docker

GitHub Actions

jobs:
  container-job:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    container: node:10.18-jessie

    services:
      postgres:
        image: postgres
        env:
          POSTGRES_PASSWORD: postgres

    steps:
      - name: Check out repository code
        uses: actions/checkout@v3

      # 執(zhí)行 package.json 文件中
      # 所有依賴項(xiàng)的全新安裝
      - name: Install dependencies
        run: npm ci

      - name: Connect to PostgreSQL
        # 運(yùn)行創(chuàng)建 PostgreSQL 客戶端的腳本，
        # 用數(shù)據(jù)填充客戶端，并檢索數(shù)據(jù)
        run: node client.js
        env:
          # PostgreSQL 服務(wù)容器通信的主機(jī)名
          POSTGRES_HOST: postgres
          # 默認(rèn)的 PostgreSQL 端口
          POSTGRES_PORT: 5432